{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:03:39Z","timestamp":1780581819015,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London"},{"name":"College of Medicine Research Center, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many men seek penile augmentation treatments\u2014a standard tool for their counseling is to inform them of what is \u201cnormal.\u201d Although some studies suggest good correlation between stretched and erect penile length, those that have measured stretched and erect length simultaneously have shown significant variability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the accuracy of differing penile measurements with multiple observers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited 201 adult men (mean age 49.6 years) who achieved full erection using intracavernosal injection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Penile measurements were taken by one of seven andrology specialists in a private, temperature-controlled (21\u00b0C, 72\u00b0F) environment. Stretched flaccid and erect length and circumference were measured. We analyzed the accuracy of each flaccid measurement using the erect measurements as a reference, for the overall patient population and for each observer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean underestimate of length from stretched flaccid to erect was 2.64\u2009cm (21.4%) and girth 2.27\u2009cm (19.5%). Interobserver variability ranged from a mean underestimate of 16\u201327% (length) and 15\u201327% (girth).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this large, multicenter, multi-observer study of penis size, flaccid measurements underestimated erect size. It also seems likely that there is significant interobserver variability. We believe erect penis measurements should be used for men being considered for treatment of small penis anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.13005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T06:36:51Z","timestamp":1444113411000},"page":"2031-2035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Analysis of the Interobserver Variability in Penile Length Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Habous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Andrology Department \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"},{"name":"Elaj Medical Centers \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department \u00a0 , London , UK"},{"name":"King's College \u00a0 , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tealab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department \u00a0 , Zagazig , Egypt"},{"name":"Zagazig University \u00a0 , Zagazig , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Elkhouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Andrology Department \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"},{"name":"Elaj Medical Centers \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Elhadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Andrology Department \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"},{"name":"Elaj Medical Centers \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Andrology Department \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"},{"name":"Elaj Medical Centers \u00a0 , Jeddah , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Laban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khaled Hospital , Tabouk , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery \u00a0 \u00a0 , Riyadh , KSA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 \u00a0 , Riyadh , KSA"},{"name":"King Saud University \u00a0 \u00a0 , Riyadh , KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department \u00a0 , Benha , Egypt"},{"name":"Benha University \u00a0 , Benha , Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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