{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:22:16Z","timestamp":1791134536073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence suggests that autoimmune diseases tend to co\u2010occur so that patients with an autoimmune disorder are at higher risk of a second autoimmune disease. The association between allergic and autoimmune diseases is also of considerable interest. There are no reports on the association between sporadic or familial narcolepsy with cataplexy and other non\u2010neurological immune\u2010mediated diseases. This study reported on the comorbid immunopathological diseases associated with narcolepsy. One\u2010hundred and fifty six narcoleptic patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 39.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.8\u00a0years (range, 6\u201370\u00a0years) were assessed using the clinical history, physical and neurological examinations, sleep questionnaires, neuroimaging and human leucocyte antigen typing. Diagnosis was confirmed by polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test or by measuring hypocretin\u20101 levels. Patients with immunopathological diseases were matched for gender and age at the onset of narcoleptic symptoms with narcoleptic patients without immunopathological diseases. Twenty\u2010six patients (16.6%; 50% women; one familial, 25 sporadic) had one or more immunopathological diseases associated: autoimmune diseases, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune thyroid disease, Peyronie's disease and idiopathic recurrent facial palsy; other immunopathological diseases, like atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Although not significant, the age at diagnosis of narcolepsy was 9.3\u00a0years earlier in patients with narcolepsy\u00a0+\u00a0immunopathological diseases. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of comorbid immunopathological diseases is high in narcolepsy, and cataplexy is significantly more severe in patients with narcolepsy\u00a0+\u00a0immunopathological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T11:04:42Z","timestamp":1395313482000},"page":"414-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Narcolepsy with cataplexy and comorbid immunopathological diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Orozco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Unit, Clinical Neurophysiology Service San Carlos University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Vicario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histocompatibility Blood Center of the Community of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Villalibre\u2010Valderrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Unit, Clinical Neurophysiology Service San Carlos University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"De Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Arquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service San Carlos University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Peraita\u2010Adrados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Epilepsy Unit \u2013 Clinical Neurophysiology Service Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n University Hospital Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition: Diagnostic and Coding Manual","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.8.979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70552-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.9979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.suppl_8.S54","article-title":"Family studies in narcolepsy","volume":"17","author":"Billiard M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1966.00470160003001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2000.0693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00082-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2013.34.3646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Narcolepsy in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Pablos J. 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