{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:59:09Z","timestamp":1779879549194,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mont Godinne Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mandible movement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>) signal provides information on mandible activity. It can be read visually to assess sleep\u2013wake state and respiratory events. This study aimed to assess (1) the training of independent scorers to recognize the signal specificities; (2) intrascorer reproducibility and (3) interscorer variability. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> was collected in the mid\u2010sagittal plane of the face of 40 patients. The typical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted and classified into seven distinct pattern classes: active wakefulness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AW<\/jats:styled-content>), quiet wakefulness or quiet sleep (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QW<\/jats:styled-content>\/S), sleep snoring (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>), sleep obstructive events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAH<\/jats:styled-content>), sleep mixed apnea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content>), respiratory related arousal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RERA<\/jats:styled-content>) and sleep central events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAH<\/jats:styled-content>). Four scorers were trained; their diagnostic capacities were assessed on two reading sessions. The intra\u2010 and interscorer agreements were assessed using Cohen's <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>. Intrascorer reproducibility for the two sessions ranged from 0.68 [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 0.59\u20130.77] to 0.88 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.82\u20130.94), while the between\u2010scorer agreement amounted to 0.68 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.65\u20130.71) and 0.74 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.72\u20130.77), respectively. The overall accuracy of the scorers was 75.2% (range: 72.4\u201380.7%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAH MM<\/jats:styled-content>s were the most difficult to discern (overall accuracy 65.6%). For the two sessions, the recognition rate of abnormal respiratory events (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CAH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RERA<\/jats:styled-content>) was excellent: the interscorer mean agreement was 90.7% (Cohen's <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>: 0.83; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.79\u20130.88). The discrimination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OAH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CAH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MA<\/jats:styled-content> characteristics was good, with an interscorer agreement of 80.8% (Cohen's <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>: 0.65; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.62\u20130.68). Visual analysis of isolated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>s can successfully diagnose sleep\u2013wake state, normal and abnormal respiration and recognize the presence of respiratory effort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T08:13:08Z","timestamp":1406794388000},"page":"709-716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mandible behaviour interpretation during wakefulness, sleep and sleep\u2010disordered breathing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gis\u00e8le","family":"Maury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de pneumologie Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain CHU Dinant Godinne Yvoir Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Senny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Department for Microsystems and HELMO Gramme University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Cambron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep\/Wake Center of the University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelin","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Laboratory University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Laboratory University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Poirrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep\/Wake Center of the University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Sleep Disorders Revised. 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