{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:11:15Z","timestamp":1790161875319,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,9]],"date-time":"2014-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Narcolepsy with hypocretin deficiency is known to alter cardiovascular control during sleep, but its aetiology is disputed. As cardiovascular control differs between sleep states, and narcolepsy affects sleep architecture, controlling for both duration and transitions of sleep states is necessary. This study therefore aimed to assess heart rate and its variability in narcolepsy during sleep taking these factors into account. The study included 12 medication\u2010na\u00efve patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy and hypocretin deficiency (11 male, 16\u201353\u00a0years old), and 12 sex\u2010 and age\u2010matched healthy controls (11 male, 19\u201355\u00a0years). All subjects underwent 1\u2010night ambulatory polysomnography recording. Cardiovascular parameters were calculated for each 30\u2010s epoch. Heart rate was significantly higher in patients with narcolepsy than in controls in all sleep states and during wakefulness prior to sleep. Groups did not differ in heart rate variability measures. The effects of sleep state duration on heart rate and its variability were similar between patients and controls. In conclusion, heart rate was consistently higher in patients with narcolepsy than controls, independent of sleep stage and sleep fragmentation. A direct effect of hypocretin deficiency therefore seems probable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,10]],"date-time":"2014-11-10T03:15:42Z","timestamp":1415589342000},"page":"206-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Time\u2010 and state\u2010dependent analysis of autonomic control in narcolepsy: higher heart rate with normal heart rate variability independent of sleep fragmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wisse P.","family":"van der Meijden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Sleep and Cognition Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Fronczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H. 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M.","family":"Corssmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke R.","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert Jan.","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Center SEIN Heemstede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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