{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:52Z","timestamp":1787015752001,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medica University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Because the impact of periodic limb movements in sleep (\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is controversial, no consensus has been reached on the therapeutic strategy for\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n in obstructive sleep apnea (\n OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). To verify the hypothesis that\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n is related to a negative impact on the cardiovascular system in\n OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, this study investigated the basal autonomic regulation by heart rate variability (\n HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) analysis. Sixty patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate\n OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n who underwent polysomnography (\n PSG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and completed sleep questionnaires were analysed retrospectively and divided into the\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a030) and the non\u2010\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a030). Epochs without any sleep events or continuous effects were evaluated using\n HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\n analysis. No significant difference was observed in the demographic data,\n PSG<\/jats:styled-content>\n parameters or sleep questionnaires between the\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n and non\u2010\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups, except for age. Patients in the\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group had significantly lower normalized high frequency (n\u2010\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), high frequency (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of difference between adjacent\n NN<\/jats:styled-content>\n intervals (\n RMSSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals index (\n SDNN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010I), but had a higher normalized low frequency (n\u2010\n LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ratio. There was no significant difference in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Short\u2010Form 36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale between the two groups. After adjustment for confounding variables,\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n remained an independent predictor of n\u2010\n LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0901,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0081),\n LF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ratio (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.5351,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0361),\n RMSSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0\u221220.1620,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0455) and n\u2010\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.0886,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.0134). In conclusion,\n PLMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n is related independently to basal sympathetic predominance and has a potentially negative impact on the cardiovascular system of\n OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T23:38:51Z","timestamp":1435275531000},"page":"722-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Basal sympathetic predominance in periodic limb movements in sleep with obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Meng\u2010Ni","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Master's Program in Neurology Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiou\u2010Lian","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Master's Program in Neurology Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Kuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Master's Program in Neurology Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Wen","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electro\u2010mechanical Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Min","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Master's Program in Neurology Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Fang","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Ju","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.\u2010J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Yao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Master's Program in Neurology Faculty of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26587","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and impact on daytime sleepiness and hypertension of periodic leg movements with arousals in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"2","author":"Al\u2010Alawi A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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