{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:05:28Z","timestamp":1761807928072,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015661","name":"UCB-Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundations","award":["320030_144007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_144007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The validation of rodent models for restless legs syndrome (Willis\u2013Ekbom disease) and periodic limb movements during sleep requires knowledge of physiological limb motor activity during sleep in rodents. This study aimed to determine the physiological time structure of tibialis anterior activity during sleep in mice and rats, and compare it with that of healthy humans. Wild\u2010type mice (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>9) and rats (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>8) were instrumented with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram and electromyogram of neck muscles and both tibialis anterior muscles. Healthy human subjects (31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0years, <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>21) underwent overnight polysomnography. An algorithm for automatic scoring of tibialis anterior electromyogram events of mice and rats during non\u2010rapid eye movement sleep was developed and validated. Visual scoring assisted by this algorithm had inter\u2010rater sensitivity of 92\u201395% and false\u2010positive rates of 13\u201319% in mice and rats. The distribution of the time intervals between consecutive tibialis anterior electromyogram events during non\u2010rapid eye movement sleep had a single peak extending up to 10\u00a0s in mice, rats and human subjects. The tibialis anterior electromyogram events separated by intervals &lt;10\u00a0s mainly occurred in series of two\u2010three events, their occurrence rate in humans being lower than in mice and similar to that in rats. In conclusion, this study proposes reliable rules for scoring tibialis anterior electromyogram events during non\u2010rapid eye movement sleep in mice and rats, demonstrating that their physiological time structure is similar to that of healthy young human subjects. These results strengthen the basis for translational rodent models of periodic limb movements during sleep and restless legs syndrome\/Willis\u2013Ekbom disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T05:09:32Z","timestamp":1435295372000},"page":"695-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Physiological time structure of the tibialis anterior motor activity during sleep in mice, rats and humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Silvani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Laboratory Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana LO","family":"Martire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Laboratory Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Salvad\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences and Sleep and Epilepsy Center Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Civic Hospital of Lugano Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bastianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRISM Laboratory Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Research Center Department of Neurology I.C. 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