{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:22:45Z","timestamp":1787494965697,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Corticomotor excitability of peripheral muscles appears to be altered in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. However, there is no evidence of such alteration for upper airway\/respiratory muscles that are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hypercapnic stimulation on diaphragm and genioglossus corticomotor excitability in awake healthy subjects versus patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Corticomotor excitability was assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 12 untreated apneic men (48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0years; body mass index\u00a0=\u00a028.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.7\u00a0kg\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; apnea\u2013hypopnoea index\u00a0=\u00a041\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023 events per hour) and nine control men (45\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0years; body mass index\u00a0=\u00a027.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3\u00a0kg\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; apnea\u2013hypopnoea index\u00a0=\u00a07\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 events per hour). Assessments included diaphragm and genioglossus expiratory motor thresholds, and transcranial magnetic stimulation\u2010induced motor\u2010evoked potential characteristics obtained while breathing room air or 5%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (random order) and then 7%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    both balanced with pure O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Transcranial magnetic stimulation twitches were applied during early inspiration and end expiration. Diaphragm motor\u2010evoked potential amplitudes increased and expiratory diaphragm motor\u2010evoked potential latencies decreased during\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced increase in ventilatory drive, with no difference in these responses between patients with obstructive sleep apnea and control subjects. Expiratory genioglossus motor\u2010evoked potential amplitudes were significantly lower in patients with obstructive sleep apnea than in control subjects. Baseline activity of the genioglossus increased with increasing FiCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , this effect being significantly higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea than in control subjects. However, neither genioglossus motor\u2010evoked potential amplitudes nor latencies were significantly modified with increasing FiCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    both in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and in control subjects. Corticomotor excitability of genioglossus and diaphragm are not altered during CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced increase in ventilatory drive in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T10:46:36Z","timestamp":1441881996000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diaphragm and genioglossus corticomotor excitability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and control subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jean\u2010Christian","family":"Borel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche en pneumologie Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Melo\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche en pneumologie Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gakwaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche en pneumologie Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche en pneumologie Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Series","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de recherche en pneumologie Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0677h.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2003.00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00713.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.6.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00581.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.4.1378","article-title":"A noninvasive intraoral electromyographic electrode for genioglossus muscle","volume":"58","author":"Doble E. 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