{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:50Z","timestamp":1787015690462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["054939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["054939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Both night\u2010time sleep and nap behaviour have been linked consistently to health outcomes. Although reasons for napping are usually tied to night\u2010time sleep, the majority of studies assess their effects independently. The current study thus aimed to examine the health relevance of patterns of sleep behaviour that take into account both night\u2010time and daytime sleep habits. Night\u2010time sleep, recorded during 7\u00a0days via actigraphy from 313 participants (aged 34\u201382\u00a0years) of the Midlife in the United States\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Biomarker study, was assessed. Blood and urine specimens were assayed for noradrenaline, interleukin\u20106 and C\u2010reactive protein. Participants self\u2010reported nap behaviour, depressive symptoms, perceived chronic stress and the presence of medical symptoms and conditions. Overall, nappers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0208) showed elevated waist\u2013hip ratios, C\u2010reactive protein and interleukin\u20106 levels compared to non\u2010nappers and reported more physiological symptoms and conditions (all\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264\u00a00.019). Within nappers, cluster analysis revealed three patterns of sleep behaviour\u2014infrequent nappers with good night\u2010time sleep, frequent nappers with good night\u2010time sleep and nappers with poor night\u2010time sleep. Nappers with poor night\u2010time sleep thereby exhibited elevated noradrenaline levels, depressive symptoms and perceived stress scores compared to other groups (all\n                    <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264\u00a00.041). These findings support the idea that nap\u2013health relationships are complex, in that frequency of napping and accumulation of nap sleep is not related linearly to health consequences. Assessing nap behaviour in conjunction with night\u2010time sleep behaviour appeared crucial to elucidate further the health relevance of napping, particularly in terms of psychological health outcomes, including chronic stress and depressive symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T05:10:38Z","timestamp":1451538638000},"page":"225-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Integrating nap and night\u2010time sleep into sleep patterns reveals differential links to health\u2010relevant outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jaime K.","family":"Devine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandeis University Waltham MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta M.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandeis University Waltham MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(99)00135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264310374355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2210-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0897-1897(94)90036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000249385.50101.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00169-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-013-0491-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2000.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"National Sleep Foundation.2013International Bedroom Poll 2013. 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