{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:23:22Z","timestamp":1792625002810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST103\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010055\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST103\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010055\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the literature has documented associations between sleep problems and internet addiction, the temporal direction of these relationships has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bidirectional relationships between sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents longitudinally. A four\u2010wave longitudinal study was conducted with 1253 children and adolescents in grades 3, 5 and 8 from March 2013 to January 2014. The sleep problems of the student participants were measured by parental reports on the Sleep Habit Questionnaire, which catalogues early insomnia, middle insomnia, disturbed circadian rhythm, periodic leg movements, sleep terrors, sleepwalking, sleep talking, nightmares, bruxism, snoring and sleep apnoea. The severity of internet addiction was measured by students\u2019 self\u2010reports on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. Based on the results of time\u2010lag models, dyssomnias (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.31), especially early and middle insomnias (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.74 and 2.24), sequentially predicted internet addiction, and internet addiction sequentially predicted disturbed circadian rhythm (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.40), regardless of adjustment for gender and age. This is the first study to demonstrate the temporal relationship of early and middle insomnia predicting internet addiction, which subsequently predicts disturbed circadian rhythm. These findings imply that treatment strategies for sleep problems and internet addiction should vary according to the order of their occurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T02:03:07Z","timestamp":1454896987000},"page":"458-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"YI\u2010Lung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Shur\u2010Fen","family":"Gau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0248-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sbr.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Development of a Chinese Internet addiction scale and its psychometric study","volume":"45","author":"Chen S.\u2010H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. 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