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Therefore, this study prospectively evaluated differences in the clinical characteristics of women and men with obesity hypoventilation syndrome in a large cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. During the study period, a total of 1973 patients were referred to the sleep clinic with clinical suspicion of obstructive sleep apnoea. All patients underwent overnight polysomnography, during which time spirometry, arterial blood samples and thyroid tests were routinely obtained. Among 1973 consecutive patients, 1693 (617 women) were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea, among whom 144 suffered from obesity hypoventilation syndrome (96 women). The prevalence of obesity hypoventilation syndrome among women and men was 15.6% and 4.5%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Women with obesity hypoventilation syndrome were significantly older than men with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (61.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.9\u00a0years versus 49.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.5\u00a0years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Although there were no significant differences between genders regarding symptoms, body mass index, spirometric data or daytime Pa<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, women with obesity hypoventilation syndrome suffered significantly more from hypertension, diabetes and hypothyroidism. The prevalence of obesity hypoventilation syndrome was higher in post\u2010menopausal (21%) compared with pre\u2010menopausal (5.3%) women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and duration of SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &lt;90% were the only independent predictors of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. In conclusion, this study reported that among subjects referred to the sleep disorders clinic for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnoea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome is more prevalent in women than men, and that women with obesity hypoventilation syndrome suffer from significantly more co\u2010morbidities. Post\u2010menopausal women with obstructive sleep apnoea have the highest prevalence of obesity hypoventilation syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T07:18:30Z","timestamp":1458371910000},"page":"445-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Gender differences in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"BaHammam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University Sleep Disorders Center Department of Medicine College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seithikurippu R.","family":"Pandi\u2010Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Somnogen Canada Inc. Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Sleep and Circadian Group Woolcock Institute of Medical Research University of Sydney Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman A.","family":"Bahammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aljohara S.","family":"Almeneessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and community Medicine College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awad H.","family":"Olaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University Sleep Disorders Center Department of Medicine College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Javaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Bethesda North Hospital Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)","author":"AASM American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.49411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0184-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000130","article-title":"Short\u2010term medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women with sleep\u2010disordered breathing: a placebo\u2010controlled, randomized, double\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group study","volume":"21","author":"Anttalainen U.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32833ef52e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.2.9991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2014.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Berry R. 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