{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:39:22Z","timestamp":1792607962910,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25893242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25893242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of clonazepam and clonidine on rhythmic masticatory muscle activity in young adults with primary sleep bruxism, as well as accompanying effects on sleep architecture and cardiac activity. This study used a double\u2010blind, crossover, placebo\u2010controlled design. Polysomnography was performed on 19 subjects [nine men and 10 women; mean age (\u00b1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>): 25.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0years] for 5\u00a0nights. The first 2\u00a0nights were used for the habituation and diagnosis of sleep bruxism. The other 3\u00a0nights were randomly assigned for clonazepam (1.0\u00a0mg), clonidine (0.15\u00a0mg) or placebo (all administered 30\u00a0min before bedtime). Sleep, oromotor activity and cardiac activity variables were assessed and compared among the three drug conditions. Clonidine significantly reduced the median percentage of time spent in the rapid eye movement sleep stage compared with placebo and clonazepam. The number of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes was reduced with clonidine by &gt;30% compared with placebo and clonazepam. The reduction of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity index by clonidine was associated with an increase of mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> intervals (slower heart rate) during quiet sleep periods and during a 70\u2010s period before the onset of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes. However, no changes in cardiac activity variables were observed for clonazepam. In young adults with primary sleep bruxism, clonidine was significantly more effective in suppressing sleep bruxism than clonazepam. The acute effects of clonidine on rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes may be mediated by suppression of autonomic nervous system activity and non\u2010rapid eye movement\u2013rapid eye movement sleep processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T05:53:03Z","timestamp":1470203583000},"page":"73-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Effect of clonazepam and clonidine on primary sleep bruxism: a double\u2010blind, crossover, placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Takuro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center Osaka University Hospital Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Suganuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Takaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusae","family":"Kawana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yumino Heart Clinic Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0424-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.12.1711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2008.01912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.3.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Iber C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90600-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800101501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"Masseter EMG activity during sleep and sleep bruxism","volume":"149","author":"Kato T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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