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These reversible quiescent periods, displaying circadian rhythmicity, have been used in pharmacological, genetic and neuroanatomical studies of sleep\u2013wake regulation. However, one of the important criteria for sleep, namely sleep homeostasis, has not been demonstrated unequivocally. To study rest homeostasis in zebrafish larvae, we rest\u2010deprived 1\u2010week\u2010old larvae with a novel, ecologically relevant method: flow of water. Stereotyped startle responses to sensory stimuli were recorded after the rest deprivation to study arousal threshold using a high\u2010speed camera, providing an appropriate time resolution to detect species\u2010specific behavioural responses occurring in a millisecond time\u2010scale. Rest\u2010deprived larvae exhibited fewer startle responses than control larvae during the remaining dark phase and the beginning of the light phase, which can be interpreted as a sign of rest homeostasis\u2014often used as equivalent of sleep homeostasis. To address sleep homeostasis further, we probed the adenosinergic system, which in mammals regulates sleep homeostasis. The adenosine A1 receptor agonist, cyclohexyladenosine, administered during the light period, decreased startle responses and increased immobility bouts, while the adenosine antagonist, caffeine, administered during the dark period, decreased immobility bouts. These results suggest that the regulation of sleep homeostasis in zebrafish larvae consists of the same elements as that of other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T09:02:49Z","timestamp":1488445369000},"page":"394-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Homeostatic response to sleep\/rest deprivation by constant water flow in larval zebrafish in both dark and light conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Vilma","family":"Aho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maija","family":"Vainikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri A. 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