{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:21:15Z","timestamp":1790799675173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001250","name":"Transport Accident Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012128","name":"Austin Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate upper airway anatomy in quadriplegics with obstructive sleep apnea. Fifty subjects were recruited from three hospitals in Australia: people with quadriplegia due to spinal cord injury and obstructive sleep apnea (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a011), able\u2010bodied people with obstructive sleep apnea (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a018), and healthy, able\u2010bodied controls (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a019). All underwent 3\u2010Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of their upper airway. A subgroup (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a034) received a topical vasoconstrictor, phenylephrine and post\u2010phenylephrine magnetic resonance imaging. Mixed\u2010model analysis indicated no significant differences in total airway lumen volume between the three groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.086). Spinal cord injury\u2013obstructive sleep apnea subjects had a significantly larger volume of soft palate (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.020) and retroglossal lateral pharyngeal walls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.043) than able\u2010bodied controls. Able\u2010bodied\u2013obstructive sleep apnea subjects had a smaller mandible volume than spinal cord injury\u2013obstructive sleep apnea subjects and able\u2010bodied control subjects (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.036). No differences were seen in airway length between groups when controlling for height (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.055). There was a marginal increase in velopharyngeal volume across groups post\u2010phenylephrine (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.050), and<jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>testing indicated the difference was confined to the able\u2010bodied\u2013obstructive sleep apnea group (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). No other upper airway structures showed significant changes with phenylephrine administration. In conclusion, people with obstructive sleep apnea and quadriplegia do not have a structurally smaller airway than able\u2010bodied subjects. They did, however, have greater volumes of soft palate and lateral pharyngeal walls, possibly due to greater neck fat deposition. The acute response to upper airway topical vasoconstriction was not enhanced in those with obstructive sleep apnea and quadriplegia. Changes in upper airway anatomy likely contribute to the high incidence in obstructive sleep apnea in quadriplegic subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T06:06:41Z","timestamp":1509343601000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway in patients with quadriplegia and obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fergal J.","family":"O'donoghue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-3567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailey","family":"Meaklim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Bilston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawna","family":"Farquharson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Brain Centre The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Royal North Shore Hospital and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Cistulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Royal North Shore Hospital and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Research Institute Austin Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Berlowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic Australia"},{"name":"Spinal Research Institute Austin Health Heidelberg Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197719937377","article-title":"Lung volumes in tetraplegic patients according to cervical spinal cord injury level","volume":"25","author":"Anke A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. 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