{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:01:38Z","timestamp":1788454898678,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety in relation to the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) among patients referred with suspicion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. The sample comprised 3770 consecutive patients with a mean age of 49.1\u00a0years; 69.7% were male. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> was diagnosed and categorized based on a standard respiratory polygraphic sleep study using a type 3 portable monitor. Patients completed the validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content>) prior to the sleep study. In addition, they answered questions about whether they were currently in treatment for mental disorders and whether they had been diagnosed previously with depression. We adjusted for sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity in the logistic regression analyses. In total, 35.1% had apnea\u2013hypopnea index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>) &lt;\u00a05 (no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>), 31.9% had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>: 5\u201314.9 (mild <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>), 17.3% had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>: 15\u201329.9 (moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) and 15.7% had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265\u00a030 (severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly lower with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> severity, and also when adjusting for sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content> \u2265\u00a015 as dependent variable). Similarly, currently being in treatment for mental disorders and being diagnosed previously with depression were both associated negatively with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> severity, with only the latter remaining significant in the fully adjusted model. Furthermore, multiple linear regressions showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content> anxiety and depression total scores were associated negatively with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>. In conclusion, symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated negatively with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> severity in these referred patients. The findings remained significant also after adjusting for several relevant confounders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T03:12:38Z","timestamp":1512011558000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Increased severity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with less anxiety and depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Bjorvatn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narvini","family":"Rajakulendren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Thoracic Medicine Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le","family":"Pallesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 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