{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:34:59Z","timestamp":1758962099310,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research"},{"name":"Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research","award":["BECASCHILE 74170072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BECASCHILE 74170072"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upper airway stimulation is a new and effective second\u2010line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but possible consequences on glucose metabolism and central regulation of food intake are unclear. Twenty patients were prospectively studied before and 12\u2005months after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> treatment by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">upper airway stimulation<\/jats:styled-content>. Respiratory parameters and daytime sleepiness were assessed to document effectiveness of treatment. Glucose metabolism was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test, and hedonic versus homeostatic drive to eat was characterized. At 12\u2005months, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">upper airway stimulation<\/jats:styled-content> significantly improved measures of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> (all <jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.01). Despite no change in body weight, fasting C\u2010peptide insulin resistance index (<jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.01) as well as insulin and C\u2010peptide levels at 60\u2005min during the oral glucose tolerance test (<jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.02) were reduced. Hedonic drive to eat was strongly reduced (<jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.05), while leptin and ghrelin remained unchanged (<jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u20050.15). U<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pper airway stimulation<\/jats:styled-content> is effective in treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> and improves glucose metabolism. Reduced hedonic drive to eat might contribute to these metabolic improvements. These promising findings are in need for long\u2010term controlled evaluation of metabolic sequelae of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">upper airway stimulation<\/jats:styled-content> and to mechanistically evaluate the metabolic benefits of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">upper airway stimulation<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T08:15:04Z","timestamp":1542615304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Upper airway stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea improves glucose metabolism and reduces hedonic drive for 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