{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:30:35Z","timestamp":1792067435945,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004103","name":"Landsp\u00edtali H\u00e1sk\u00f3lasj\u00fakrah\u00fas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many different subjective tools are being used to measure excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) but the most widely used is the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). However, it is unclear if using the ESS is adequate on its own when assessing EDS. The aim of this study was to estimate the characteristics and prevalence of EDS using the ESS and the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ) in general population samples. Participants aged 40\u00a0years and older answered questions about sleepiness, health, sleep\u2010related symptoms and quality of life. Two groups were defined as suffering from EDS: those who scored &gt;10 on the ESS (with increased risk of dozing off) and those reporting feeling sleepy during the day \u22653 times per week on the BNSQ. In total, 1,338 subjects (53% male, 74.1% response rate) participated, 13.1% reported an increased risk of dozing off, 23.2% reported feeling sleepy and 6.4% reported both. The prevalence of restless leg syndrome, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux, difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and nocturnal sweating was higher among subjects reporting feeling sleepy compared to non\u2010sleepy subjects. Also, subjects reporting feeling sleepy had poorer quality of life and reported more often feeling unrested during the day than non\u2010sleepy subjects. However, subjects reporting increased risk of dozing off (ESS\u00a0&gt;\u00a010) without feeling sleepy had a similar symptom profile as the non\u2010sleepy subjects. Therefore, reporting only risk of dozing off without feeling sleepy may not reflect problematic sleepiness and more instruments in addition to ESS are needed when evaluating daytime sleepiness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T08:05:21Z","timestamp":1554883521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Definition of excessive daytime sleepiness in the general population: Feeling sleepy relates better to sleep\u2010related symptoms and quality of life than the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. Results from an epidemiological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin H.","family":"Thorarinsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Landspitali \u2010 The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erla","family":"Bjornsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Sleep Department Landspitali \u2010 The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"School of Science and Engineering Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryndis","family":"Benediktsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Sleep Department Landspitali \u2010 The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Allergy and Sleep Research Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorarinn","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Sleep Department Landspitali \u2010 The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Aspelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Icelandic Heart Association Kopavogur Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel T.","family":"Kuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Corporal Michael J. 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