{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:47:18Z","timestamp":1790034438436,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1106974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1106974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1116942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1116942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>New knowledge on hypnotics and their effects on the phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea indicate that zolpidem has therapeutic potential for certain patients. Specifically, zolpidem increases the threshold for arousal threshold and pharyngeal dilator muscle responsiveness. However, the effects of a standard dose of zolpidem (10\u2005mg) on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> severity and symptoms have not been investigated. In an open\u2010label pilot study, 12 unselected people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> were recruited following a diagnostic in\u2010laboratory sleep study. Participants then returned for a single\u2010night sleep study in which 10\u2005mg of zolpidem was given just prior to sleep. Tolerability, next\u2010day sleepiness and the effects of zolpidem on polysomnography variables were assessed. Zolpidem was well tolerated and significantly improved the sleep efficiency compared with the no\u2010drug night (77\u2005\u00b1\u200512% versus 84\u2005\u00b1\u20059%, <jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.005). Individual responses on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> severity to zolpidem in this unselected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> patient population were variable with no overall systematic difference in apnea\u2013hypopnea index (29\u2005\u00b1\u200518.2\u2005events per hr versus 33\u2005\u00b1\u200528\u2005events per hr, <jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.45) or other key respiratory parameters (e.g. event duration or hypoxemia). Next\u2010day sleepiness assessed via the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was not different between visits (4\u2005\u00b1\u20051 versus 4\u2005\u00b1\u20052, <jats:italic>p\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20050.85). These findings provide the first insight into the effects of a standard dose of zolpidem in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea,<\/jats:styled-content> and highlight its tolerability and potential to improve sleep quality. The variable effects on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content> severity observed in this pilot also underscore the need for larger trials that incorporate phenotypic characterisation (e.g. arousal threshold, Pcrit and muscle responsiveness) to understand inter\u2010individual heterogeneity and the therapeutic potential of zolpidem for certain people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">obstructive sleep apnea<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T08:10:38Z","timestamp":1554883838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The effects of zolpidem in obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 An open\u2010label pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4634-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayne C.","family":"Carberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald R.","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3503-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny J.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.8.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01344-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00149-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90212-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0448OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00649.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07112011","article-title":"Nitrazepam 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.12853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.12853","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.12853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T05:37:09Z","timestamp":1693805829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.12853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.12853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.12853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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