{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1790391253583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006303","name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fundo de Incentivo \u00e0 Pesquisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female sexual hormones have known hypnogenic effects and the use of hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women leads to improvement in sleep quality. However, the effects of hormonal contraceptives in women of reproductive age are still scarcely understood. This study sought to evaluate the impact of hormonal contraceptive use on subjective self\u2010reports of sleep through a web\u2010based cross\u2010sectional survey. A total of 2,055 women between 18 and 40\u00a0years old participated by answering an online questionnaire evaluating hormonal contraceptive use, sleep\u2010related characteristics and related features. Sleep assessment tools comprised the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Statistical comparisons were performed between hormonal contraceptive users and those who reported no current use. Analyses were repeated to compare users of combined contraceptives with users of progestagens only, as well as to compare users of different generations of contraceptives. Among the total sample, 1,286 participants met the inclusion criteria (918 of them were currently taking a hormonal contraceptive). Contraceptive users reported more frequent sleep complaints and had higher scores on ESS and ISI, which means increased excessive daytime sleepiness and more insomnia symptoms. Women using progestagen\u2010only therapies reported lower total sleep duration compared with combined therapy. Users of third\u2010generation contraceptives showed lower total sleep time and higher ISI score when compared with non\u2010users. In conclusion, contraceptive users have more insomnia symptoms and increased excessive daytime sleepiness when compared with women who do not use any hormonal contraceptive method, and progestagen\u2010only therapy was associated with lower sleep duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T04:24:51Z","timestamp":1580185491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Hormonal contraceptive use and subjective sleep reports in women: An online survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5534-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Gomes","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Levy","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Natan","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina V.","family":"Banzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ginecologia Casa de Sa\u00fade Hospital Santa Marcelina S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Ninelo","family":"Polesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Tufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Hachul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicobiologia Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ginecologia Casa de Sa\u00fade Hospital Santa Marcelina S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1600-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706779026200"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000130","article-title":"Short\u2010term medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women with sleep\u2010disordered breathing: A placebo\u2010controlled, randomized, double\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group study","volume":"21","author":"Anttalainen U.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"CD004425","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne","volume":"7","author":"Arowojolu A. 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