{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1785271111421,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR005160\u2010S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR005160\u2010S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR055160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR055160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep and opioid medications used to treat insomnia and chronic pain are associated with adverse side effects (falls and cognitive disturbance). Although behavioural treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT\u2010I) and pain (CBT\u2010P) improve sleep and clinical pain, their effects on sleep and opioid medication use are unclear. In this secondary analysis of published trial data, we investigated whether CBT\u2010I and CBT\u2010P reduced reliance on sleep\/opioid medication in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia (FMI). Patients with FMI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0113, <jats:italic>M<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a053.0, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010.9) completed 8 weeks of CBT\u2010I (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a039), CBT\u2010P (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037) or waitlist control (WLC; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037). Participants completed 14 daily diaries at baseline, post\u2010treatment and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up, assessing sleep and opioid medication usage. Multilevel modelling examined group by time effects on days of medication use. A significant interaction revealed CBT\u2010P reduced the number of days of sleep medication use at post\u2010treatment, but usage returned to baseline levels at follow\u2010up. There were no other significant within\u2010 or between\u2010group effects. CBT\u2010P led to immediate reductions in sleep medication usage, despite lack of explicit content regarding sleep medication. CBT\u2010I and CBT\u2010P may be ineffective as stand\u2010alone treatments for altering opioid use in FMI. Future work should explore CBT as an adjunct to other behavioural techniques for opioid reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T20:44:00Z","timestamp":1583268240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on sleep and opioid medication use in adults with fibromyalgia and insomnia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Christina S.","family":"McCrae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2311-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley F.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neetu","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himangshu","family":"Rathinakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Missouri Columbia Missouri United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattina","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia 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