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Participants underwent a single night of unattended in\u2010home polysomnography with neurocognitive testing carried out shortly afterwards. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed to derive spindle characteristics in both central and frontal derivations during non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) Stage 2 and 3. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations between spindle characteristics and cognitive outcomes, with age, body mass index (BMI), periodic limb movements index (PLMI) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as covariates. NREM Stage 2 total spindle density was significantly associated with executive functioning (central: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.363, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.016; frontal: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.408, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004). NREM Stage 2 fast spindle density was associated with executive functioning (central: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.351, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.022; frontal: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.380, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA, central: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.285, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.037; frontal: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.279, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032). NREM Stage 2 spindle frequency was also associated with MoCA score (central: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.337, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.013). Greater spindle density and fast spindle density were associated with better executive functioning and less cognitive decline in our study population. Our cross\u2010sectional design cannot infer causality. Longitudinal studies will be required to assess the ability of spindle characteristics to predict future cognitive status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T05:39:13Z","timestamp":1586756353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Association of sleep spindle characteristics with executive functioning in healthy sedentary middle\u2010aged and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Guadagni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute for Public Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Byles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda V.","family":"Tyndall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Parboosingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Stewart","family":"Longman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Psychology Service Foothills Medical Centre Alberta Health Service Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute for Public Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Hanly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Sleep Centre Foothills Medical Centre Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdy","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Centre Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1798-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc 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