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The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in OSA are multifactorial and cause a cascade of events. The primary contributing factor is sympathetic overactivity. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to evaluate shifts in the autonomic nervous system, during sleep and in response to treatment in patients with OSA. Newer technologies are aimed at improving HRV analysis to accelerate processing time, improve the diagnosis of OSA, and detection of cardiovascular risk. The present review will present contemporary understandings and uses for HRV, specifically in the realms of physiology, technology, and clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T03:19:44Z","timestamp":1611026384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Heart rate variability and obstructive sleep apnea: Current perspectives and novel technologies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seren","family":"Ucak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasthi U.","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine 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