{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:41:59Z","timestamp":1790476919981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_185362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_185362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011096","name":"Jazz Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a disorder with well\u2010established markers and a suspected autoimmune aetiology. Conversely, the narcoleptic borderland (NBL) disorders, including narcolepsy type 2, idiopathic hypersomnia, insufficient sleep syndrome and hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder, lack well\u2010defined markers and remain controversial in terms of aetiology, diagnosis and management. The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort Study (SPHYNCS) is a comprehensive multicentre cohort study, which will investigate the clinical picture, pathophysiology and long\u2010term course of NT1 and the NBL. The primary aim is to validate new and reappraise well\u2010known markers for the characterization of the NBL, facilitating the diagnostic process. Seven Swiss sleep centres, belonging to the Swiss Narcolepsy Network (SNaNe), joined the study and will prospectively enrol over 500 patients with recent onset of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), hypersomnia or a suspected central disorder of hypersomnolence (CDH) during a 3\u2010year recruitment phase. Healthy controls and patients with EDS due to severe sleep\u2010disordered breathing, improving after therapy, will represent two control groups of over 50 patients each. Clinical and electrophysiological (polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test, maintenance of wakefulness test) information, and information on psychomotor vigilance and a sustained attention to response task, actigraphy and wearable devices (long\u2010term monitoring), and responses to questionnaires will be collected at baseline and after 6, 12, 24 and 36\u00a0months. Potential disease markers will be searched for in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and stool. Analyses will include quantitative hypocretin measurements, proteomics\/peptidomics, and immunological, genetic and microbiota studies. SPHYNCS will increase our understanding of CDH and the relationship between NT1 and the NBL. The identification of new disease markers is expected to lead to better and earlier diagnosis, better prognosis and personalized management of CDH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T22:54:07Z","timestamp":1617576847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort study (SPHYNCS): Study protocol for a prospective, multicentre cohort observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8949-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelia","family":"Dietmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6231-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Wenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Ringli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Inselspital Bern University Hospital and University of Bern Bern 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