{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:03:16Z","timestamp":1793260996004,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies indicate that ambient temperature may modulate obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. However, study results are contradictory warranting more investigation in this field. We analysed 19,293 patients of the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA) cohort with restriction to the three predominant climate zones according to the K\u00f6ppen\u2013Geiger climate classification: Cfb (warm temperature, fully humid, warm summer), Csa (warm temperature, summer dry, hot summer), and Dfb (snow, fully humid, warm summer). Average outside temperature values were obtained and several hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate the impact of temperature on the apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), time of oxygen saturation &lt;90% (T90) and minimum oxygen saturation (MinSpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) after controlling for confounders including age, body mass index, gender, and air conditioning (A\/C) use. AHI and ODI increased with higher temperatures with a standardised coefficient beta (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) of 0.28 for AHI and 0.25 for ODI, while MinSpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> decreased with a <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> of \u22120.13 (all results <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). When adjusting for climate zones, the temperature effect was only significant in Cfb (AHI: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11) and Dfb (AHI: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.08) (Model 1: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The presence of A\/C (3.9% and 69.3% in Cfab and Csa, respectively) demonstrated only a minor increase in the prediction of the variation (Cfb: AHI, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> +0.003; and Csa: AHI, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> +0.007; both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Our present study indicates a limited but consistent influence of environmental temperature on OSA severity and this effect is modulated by climate zones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T22:09:17Z","timestamp":1618178957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of temperature on obstructive sleep apnoea in three different climate zones of Europe: Data from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Staats","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology University Hospital de Santa Maria CHULN Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental (ISAMB) Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes INSERM HP2 (U1042) and Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Bonsignore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMISE Dept. University of Palermo Palermo Italy"},{"name":"IRIB\u2010CNR Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit School of Medicine St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata L.","family":"Riha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep Medicine Royal Infirmary Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Schiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Unit Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School University of Crete Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Verbraecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Centre Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozen K.","family":"Basoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Saaresranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine Department of Pulmonary Diseases Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology Sleep Research Centre University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Pataka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Failure Unit G. Papanikolaou Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Ludka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"International Clinical Research Center St. Ann's University Hospital Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Neural Metabolic Sciences Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS St. Luke Hospital Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Anders","family":"Hedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Department Sleep Disorders Center Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenbrug Sweden"},{"name":"Center of Sleep and Wake Disorders Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Grote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Department Sleep Disorders Center Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenbrug Sweden"},{"name":"Center of Sleep and Wake Disorders Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA) 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