{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:37:02Z","timestamp":1784137022577,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["681120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["681120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000113871\u201015\u2010NL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000113871\u201015\u2010NL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the alterations of sleep regulation and promotion biomarkers as adenosine through its enzymes total adenosine deaminase (tADA)\/adenosine deaminase (ADA2) in a microgravity analogue environment of head\u2010down\u2010tilt bed rest and their association with brain connectivity networks during non\u2010rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (NREM3), as well as the effectiveness of the reactive sledge (RSL) jump countermeasure to promote sleep. A total of 23 healthy male volunteers were maintained in 6\u00b0 head\u2010down\u2010tilt position for 30\u00a0days and assigned either to a control or to a RSL group. Blood collection and polysomnographic recordings were performed on data acquisition day 1, 14, 30 and \u221214, 21, respectively. Immunochemical techniques and network\u2010based statistics were employed for adenosine enzymes and cortical connectivity estimation. Our findings indicate that human blood adenosine biomarkers as well as NREM3 cortical functional connectivity are impaired in simulated microgravity. RSL physical activity intervened in sleep quality via tADA\/ADA2 fluctuations lack, minor cortical connectivity increases, and limited degree of node and resting\u2010state networks. Statistically significant decreases in adenosine biomarkers and NREM3 functional connectivity involving regions (left superior temporal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left angular gyrus and precuneus) of the auditory, sensorimotor default\u2010mode and executive networks highlight the sleep disturbances due to simulated microgravity and the sleep\u2010promoting role of RSL countermeasure. The head\u2010down\u2010tilt environment led to sleep deterioration projected through NREM3 cortical brain connectivity or\/and adenosine biomarkers shift. This decline was more pronounced in the absence of the RSL countermeasure, thereby highlighting its likely exploitation during space missions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1617862817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Human blood adenosine biomarkers and non\u2010rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (NREM3) cortical functional connectivity associations during a 30\u2010day head\u2010down\u2010tilt bed rest analogue: Potential effectiveness of a reactive sledge jump as a countermeasure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1729-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane M.","family":"Nday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos A.","family":"Frantzidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research (GASMA\u2010SR) Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Plomariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotiria C.","family":"Gilou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Ntakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lykourgos","family":"Chatziioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis D.","family":"Bamidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research (GASMA\u2010SR) Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Kourtidou\u2010Papadeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Physics Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"},{"name":"Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research (GASMA\u2010SR) Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5660-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90808-3_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00590-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2899781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2018.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8857053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09040632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2865842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-8984-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091302-2.50108-0"},{"issue":"106","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Sleep macro\u2010architecture disturbances during a 60 days 60 head down tilt bed\u2010rest and the effect of Sledge Jumping System (SJS) as a countermeasure to prevent those changes","volume":"12","author":"Gkivogkli P. T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611795347654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specification","author":"Iber C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-019-0073-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13659-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04105-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S128811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2014.882093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.BR03.2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The scoring quality of astronauts' sleeps using Fuzzy C\u2010Means (FCM) during microgravity effect in the International Space Station (ISS)","volume":"2","author":"Putro W. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Journal of PPI\u2010UKM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74150-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00356-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Skeletal adaptation to mechanical stimuli in the absence of formation or resorption of bone","volume":"2","author":"Rubin C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.21760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312848110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00986.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.041"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.13323","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.13323","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.13323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T22:29:25Z","timestamp":1693348165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.13323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.13323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13323","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13323"}}