{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:11:05Z","timestamp":1761419465575,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combination of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents reduces the apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI) in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) via reduced upper airway collapsibility, suggesting that a shift in the sympathovagal balance improves OSA. The objectives of our present case\u2010control study were to assess heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the stages of sleep in children with and without OSA to evaluate OSA\u2010induced sleep HRV modifications and to assess whether increased collapsibility measured during wakefulness is associated with reduced sympathetic activity during non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Three groups of 15 children were matched by sex, age,<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score of body mass index and ethnicity: non\u2010OSA (obstructive AHI [OAHI] &lt;2\u00a0events\/hr), mild (OAHI \u22652 to &lt;5\u00a0events\/hr) or moderate\u2013severe (OAHI \u22655\u00a0events\/hr) OSA. Pharyngeal compliance was measured during wakefulness using acoustic pharyngometry. HRV indices (time and frequency domain variables) were calculated on 5\u2010min electrocardiography recordings from polysomnography during wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep in periods free of any event. As compared to children without OSA, those with OSA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a030) were characterised by increased compliance and no physiological parasympathetic tone increase in REM sleep. Children with increased pharyngeal compliance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021) had a higher OAHI due to higher AHI in NREM sleep, whereas their sympathetic tone was lower than that of those with normal compliance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024). In conclusion, children with increased pharyngeal compliance exhibit decreased sympathetic tone associated with increased AHI in NREM sleep. Therapeutics directed at sympathovagal balance modifications should be tested in childhood OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T20:49:04Z","timestamp":1619038144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cross\u2010sectional case\u2010control study of the relationships between pharyngeal compliance and heart rate variability indices in childhood obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Plamen","family":"Bokov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Physiologie P\u00e9diatrique\u2010Centre du Sommeil Universit\u00e9 de Paris AP\u2010HP H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9 INSERM NeuroDiderot Paris 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