{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:10:59Z","timestamp":1788390659293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03HD082550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03HD082550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sleep\u2013wake system is immature at birth and develops in parallel with the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, a biological stress system of which the end product is cortisol. Perturbations in one system during infancy can maladaptively influence the maturation of the other system, leading to lasting sleep and cortisol system dysregulation and heightening the risk of enduring health problems. To better understand the early interplay between these systems, we examined whether actigraphy\u2010derived measures of night\u2010time sleep duration and onset were associated with cumulative exposure to cortisol, indexed by hair cortisol concentration, in 12\u2010month\u2010old children. Overall, early sleep onset predicted lower hair cortisol above and beyond sleep duration, family income and chaos experienced at home. Furthermore, both sleep and cortisol levels vary day to day, and temporal dependencies between daily sleep and cortisol regulation are not well understood. Thus, we assessed how the sleep characteristics on a particular evening related to salivary cortisol levels the following day and how daytime and evening cortisol related to the sleep characteristics on the same night. Lower total exposure to cortisol on a particular day was related to longer night\u2010time sleep duration the same night, but not sleep onset. Lower salivary cortisol levels on a given evening related to earlier sleep onset the same night, but not to night\u2010time sleep duration. Sleep duration and onset on a given night were unrelated to total cortisol exposure the following day. Findings suggest that in early development, the day\u2010to\u2010day relation between sleep and cortisol is not bidirectional, but more driven by diurnal cortisol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T04:49:30Z","timestamp":1618807770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Infant diurnal cortisol predicts sleep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charu T.","family":"Tuladhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"St. John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrold S.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Tarullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2015.3.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1104687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"A two process model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borbely A. 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