{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:18:09Z","timestamp":1788790689671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC n. 2757306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC n. 2757306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe in detail the heart rate changes accompanying short\u2010interval leg movements during sleep, periodic leg movements during sleep, and isolated leg movements during sleep in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome, and to compare them with the same findings in adults with restless legs syndrome. We analysed time series of R\u2010R intervals synchronized to the onset of short\u2010interval leg movements during sleep, periodic leg movements during sleep or isolated leg movements during sleep that entailed an arousal during non\u2010rapid\u2010eye\u2010movement sleep. We assessed cardiac activation based on the heart rate changes with respect to baseline during non\u2010rapid\u2010eye\u2010movement sleep without leg movements. All types of leg movements recorded during sleep were accompanied by important heart rate changes also in children, with an overall impact similar to that observed in adults. In all age groups, heart rate changes accompanying short\u2010interval leg movements during sleep were constituted by a tachycardia, without a subsequent relative bradycardia, that was instead evident for periodic leg movements during sleep and isolated leg movements during sleep. Moreover, an age\u2010related decline of the relative bradycardia following the heart rate increase, in association with periodic leg movements during sleep and isolated leg movements during sleep, was observed. Our findings show that important heart rate changes accompany all leg movements during sleep at all ages in restless legs syndrome, with significant age\u2010related differences. This information represents an important contribution to the ongoing scientific debate on the possibility and opportunity to treat periodic leg movements during sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T14:43:25Z","timestamp":1620485005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Heart rate changes associated with the different types of leg movements during sleep in children, adolescents and adults with restless legs syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Research Centre Department of Neurology I.C. Oasi Research Institute \u2010 IRCCS Troina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Silvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6662-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria P.","family":"Mogavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Rundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Research Centre Department of Neurology I.C. Oasi Research Institute \u2010 IRCCS Troina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliviero","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Picchietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois School of Medicine Carle Illinois College of Medicine, and Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes M.","family":"DelRosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital and University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: Rules, terminology and technical specifications, Ver. 2.6","author":"Berry R. 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