{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:06:32Z","timestamp":1790435192675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nightmares are often associated with psychiatric disorders and acute stress. This study explores how the COVID\u201019 pandemic may have influenced the content of nightmares. A sample of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0419 US adults completed online surveys about sleep and COVID\u201019 experiences. Participants were asked about the degree to which they agreed with statements linking greater general stress, worse overall sleep and more middle\u2010of\u2010the\u2010night insomnia with the COVID\u201019 pandemic. They were also asked if, during the pandemic, they experienced nightmares related to various themes. Logistic regression analyses examined each nightmare content as outcome and increased stress, worse sleep and more middle\u2010of\u2010the\u2010night insomnia as predictors, adjusted for age, sex and race\/ethnicity. Those who reported greater general COVID\u2010related stress were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, failure, helplessness, anxiety, war, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. Those who reported worsened sleep were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, oppression, failure, helplessness, disaster, anxiety, evil forces, war, domestic abuse, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. Those who reported worsened middle\u2010of\u2010the\u2010night insomnia were more likely to have nightmares about confinement, oppression, failure, helplessness, disaster, anxiety, war, domestic abuse, separation, totalitarianism, sickness, death, COVID and an apocalypse. These results suggest that increased pandemic\u2010related stress may induce negatively\u2010toned dreams of specific themes. Future investigation might determine whether (and when) this symptom indicates an emotion regulation mechanism at play, or the failure of such a mechanism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T02:12:38Z","timestamp":1629339158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Nightmare content during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: Influence of COVID\u2010related stress and sleep disruption in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5087-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E. 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