{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:07:20Z","timestamp":1771657640999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This protocol describes an innovative study to investigate the relationship between sleep, shift work and the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID\u201019]) vaccination. As the COVID\u201019 pandemic is a global crisis with devastating health, social and economic impacts, there is a pressing need for effective vaccination programmes. Previous influenza and hepatitis vaccination studies suggest that lack of sleep can negatively alter immune responsiveness, while circadian misalignment most likely may also play an important role in the immune response to vaccination. Our present study will be the first to address this question in actual shift workers and in relation to COVID\u201019 vaccination. We hypothesise that the occurrence of recent night shifts and diminished sleep will negatively alter the immune response to vaccination in shift workers compared to dayworkers. We aim to recruit 50 shift workers and 50 dayworkers. Participants will receive an mRNA\u2010based vaccination, through the Dutch vaccination programme. To assess immune responsiveness, blood will be drawn at baseline (before first vaccination), 10\u00a0days after first vaccination, the day prior to the second vaccination; and 28\u00a0days, 6 and 12\u00a0months after the second vaccination. Actigraphy and daily sleep e\u2010diaries will be implemented for 7\u00a0days around each vaccination to assess sleep. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to monitor sleep in the long term. Optimising the efficacy of the COVID\u201019 vaccines is of outmost importance and results of this study could provide insights to develop sleep and circadian\u2010based interventions to enhance vaccination immunity, and thereby improve global health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T00:07:07Z","timestamp":1633738027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Understanding the association between sleep, shift work and COVID\u201019 vaccine immune response efficacy: Protocol of the S\u2010CORE study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Lammers\u2010van der Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmacy Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert Jan","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Center SEIN Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland  Heemstede the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-6396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gijsbertus T. 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