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This study examined the longitudinal and cross\u2010sectional effects of the Energy\u2010density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E\u2010DII\u2122) on objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. Data were derived from the Buffalo Cardio\u2010Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0464 at baseline), with longitudinal data collected from 2004 to 2019. A food frequency questionnaire obtained estimated dietary intake from which E\u2010DII scores were calculated. Dependent variables were objectively (Micro Motion Logger Sleep Watch\u2122) and subjectively (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) measured sleep quality and quantity. The analyses included a series of linear mixed\u2010effects models used to examine cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal associations between the E\u2010DII and sleep quantity and quality. Cross\u2010sectionally, more pro\u2010inflammatory diets were associated with higher wake\u2010after\u2010sleep\u2010onset but improved subjective sleep quality. In models accounting for both longitudinal and cross\u2010sectional effects, for every 1\u2010unit increase in the E\u2010DII scores over time (representing a pro\u2010inflammatory change), wake\u2010after\u2010sleep\u2010onset increased by nearly 1.4\u00a0min (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.07). This result was driven by officers who primarily worked day shifts (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a03.33, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01). Conversely, for every 1\u2010unit increase in E\u2010DII score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score improved. More pro\u2010inflammatory diets were associated with increased wake\u2010after\u2010sleep\u2010onset, an objective measure of sleep quality. Intervention studies to reduce dietary inflammatory potential may provide greater magnitude of effect for changes in sleep quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T06:40:21Z","timestamp":1640846421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Longitudinal and cross\u2010sectional associations between the dietary inflammatory index and objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7610-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program Arnold School of Public Health University 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