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A low level of hypocretin\u20101\/orexin\u2010A in the cerebrospinal fluid is sufficient to diagnose narcolepsy type 1, being a highly specific and sensitive biomarker, and the irreversible loss of hypocretin neurons is responsible for the main symptoms of the disease: sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep\u2010related hallucinations and paralysis, and disrupted nocturnal sleep. The process responsible for the destruction of hypocretin neurons is highly suspected to be autoimmune, or dysimmune. Over the last two decades, remarkable progress has been made for the understanding of these mechanisms that were made possible with the development of new techniques. Conversely, narcolepsy type 2 is a less well\u2010defined disorder, with a variable phenotype and evolution, and\u00a0few reliable biomarkers discovered so far. There is a dearth of knowledge about this disorder, and its aetiology remains unclear and needs to be further explored. Treatment of narcolepsy is still nowadays only symptomatic, targeting sleepiness, cataplexy and disrupted nocturnal sleep. However, new psychostimulants have been recently developed, and the upcoming arrival of non\u2010peptide hypocretin receptor\u20102 agonists should be a revolution in the management of this rare sleep disease, and maybe also for disorders beyond narcolepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T22:15:43Z","timestamp":1653689743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6620-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Barateau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep\u2010Wake Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Gui\u2010de\u2010Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier  Montpellier France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine\u2010Levin 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