{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:04:35Z","timestamp":1790694275109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["322312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"Helsingin Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007250","name":"Mississippi State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008532","name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013043","name":"Ariel University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005995","name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many people report suffering from post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019 or \u201clong\u2010COVID\u201d, but there are still open questions on what actually constitutes long\u2010COVID and how prevalent it is. The current definition of post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019 is based on voting using the Delphi\u2010method by the WHO post\u2010COVID\u201019 working group. It emphasizes long\u2010lasting fatigue, shortness of breath and cognitive dysfunction as the core symptoms of post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019. In this international survey study consisting of 13,628 subjects aged 18\u201399\u2009years from 16 countries of Asia, Europe, North America and South America (May\u2013Dec 2021), we show that post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019 symptoms were more prevalent amongst the more severe COVID\u201019 cases, i.e. those requiring hospitalisation for COVID\u201019. We also found that long\u2010lasting sleep symptoms are at the core of post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019 and associate with the COVID\u201019 severity when COVID\u201019 cases are compared with COVID\u2010negative cases. Specifically, fatigue (61.3%), insomnia symptoms (49.6%) and excessive daytime sleepiness (35.8%) were highly prevalent amongst respondents reporting long\u2010lasting symptoms after hospitalisation for COVID\u201019. Understanding the importance of sleep\u2010related symptoms in post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019 has a clinical relevance when diagnosing and treating long\u2010COVID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T07:35:54Z","timestamp":1665214554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Sleep symptoms are essential features of long\u2010<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u2013 Comparing healthy controls with<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 cases of different severity in the international<scp>COVID<\/scp>sleep study (<scp>ICOSS\u2010II<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1222-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Merikanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Orton Orthopaedics Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Dauvilliers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep\u2010Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui\u2010de\u2010Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM University of Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5745-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Kwok","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3613-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"De Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Holzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Postgraduate Sleep Coaching Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Bjorvatn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche CERVO\/Brain Research Center, \u00c9cole de psychologie Universit\u00e9 Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center Charite University Hospital Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8911-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0547-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrijana","family":"Koscec Bjelajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngan Yin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin A.","family":"Espie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hrubos\u2010Str\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Somnology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Japan Somnology Center Institute of Neuropsychiatry Tokyo 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