{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:15Z","timestamp":1787015775961,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Idiopathic hypersomnia is poorly diagnosed in the absence of biomarkers to distinguish it from other central hypersomnia subtypes. Given that light plays a main role in the regulation of sleep and wake, we explored the retinal melanopsin\u2010based pupil response in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1, and healthy subjects. Twenty\u2010seven patients with narcolepsy type 1 (women 59%, 36 \u00b1\u200911.5\u2009years old), 36 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (women 83%, 27.2 \u00b1\u20097.2\u2009years old) with long total sleep time (&gt;\u200911\/24\u2005hr), and 43 controls (women 58%, 30.6\u2005\u00b1\u20099.3\u2009years old) were included in this study. All underwent a pupillometry protocol to assess pupil diameter, and the relative post\u2010illumination pupil response to assess melanopsin\u2010driven pupil responses in the light non\u2010visual input pathway. Differences between groups were assessed using logistic regressions adjusted on age and sex. We found that patients with narcolepsy type 1 had a smaller baseline pupil diameter as compared with idiopathic hypersomnia and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, both narcolepsy type 1 and idiopathic hypersomnia groups had a smaller relative post\u2010illumination pupil response (respectively, 31.6\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9% and 33.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.9%) as compared with controls (38.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7%), suggesting a reduced melanopsin\u2010mediated pupil response in both types of central hypersomnia (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Both narcolepsy type 1 and idiopathic hypersomnia showed a smaller melanopsin\u2010mediated pupil response, and narcolepsy type 1, unlike idiopathic hypersomnia, also displayed a smaller basal pupil diameter. Importantly, we found that the basal pupil size permitted to well discriminate idiopathic hypersomnia from narcolepsy type 1 with a specificity\u00a0=\u00a066.67% and a sensitivity\u00a0=\u00a072.22%. Pupillometry may aid to multi\u2010feature differentiation of central hypersomnia subtypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T05:53:29Z","timestamp":1680328409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pupillometry to differentiate idiopathic hypersomnia from narcolepsy type 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8581-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lo\u00efse","family":"Rach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulker","family":"Kilic\u2010Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ruppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Comtet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Roy de Belleplaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eus J. W.","family":"Van Someren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep and Cognition Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre A.","family":"Geoffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat \u2010 Claude Bernard  F\u201075018 Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm  FHU I2\u2010D2 F\u201075019 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Bourgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  8 All\u00e9e du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Rouvillois F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  1 place de l'h\u00f4pital F\u201067000 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders: Diagnostic and coding manual, second edition (ICSD\u20102)","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0763-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2011.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Gardenas J.(2002).Echelles et outils d'\u00e9valuation en m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. p. 54."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(77)90001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017364118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00671.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-019-00154-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","volume-title":"The pupil: Anatomy, physiology, and clinical applications","author":"Loewenfeld I. 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