{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:09:19Z","timestamp":1792030159514,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I0RX003140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I0RX003140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep problems are common among veterans with post\u2010traumatic stress disorder and closely associated with hyperarousal symptoms. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) may have potential to improve sleep quality in veterans with PTSD through effects on brain systems relevant to hyperarousal and sleep\u2013wake regulation. The current pilot study examines the effect of 1\u2009h of tVNS administered at \u201clights out\u201d on sleep architecture, microstructure, and autonomic activity. Thirteen veterans with PTSD completed two nights of laboratory\u2010based polysomnography during which they received 1\u2009h of either active tVNS (tragus) or sham stimulation (earlobe) at \u201clights out\u201d with randomised order. Sleep staging and stability metrics were derived from polysomnography data. Autonomic activity during sleep was assessed using the Porges\u2010Bohrer method for calculating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA<jats:sub>P\u2010B<\/jats:sub>). Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests revealed a small decrease in the total sleep time (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.31), increase in N3 sleep (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.23), and a small\u2010to\u2010moderate decrease in REM sleep (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.48) on nights of active tVNS relative to sham stimulation. tVNS was also associated with a moderate reduction in cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rate (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.65) and small\u2010to\u2010moderate increase in RSA<jats:sub>P\u2010B<\/jats:sub> during NREM sleep. Greater NREM RSA<jats:sub>P\u2010B<\/jats:sub> was associated with a reduced CAP rate and NREM alpha power. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that tVNS may improve sleep depth and stability in veterans with PTSD, as well as increase parasympathetically mediated nocturnal autonomic activity. These results warrant continued investigation into tVNS as a potential tool for treating sleep disturbance in veterans with PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T12:11:44Z","timestamp":1681215104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Preliminary evidence of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation effects on sleep in veterans with <scp>post\u2010traumatic<\/scp> stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3833-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Bottari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry University 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