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However, certain sensor types such as cup electrodes used in conventional polysomnography are unfeasible for self\u2010application. To overcome this, self\u2010applied forehead montages with electroencephalography and electro\u2010oculography sensors have been developed. We evaluated the technical feasibility of a self\u2010applied electrode set from Nox Medical (Reykjavik, Iceland) through home sleep recordings of healthy and suspected sleep\u2010disordered adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009174) in the context of sleep staging. Subjects slept with a double setup of conventional type II polysomnography sensors and self\u2010applied forehead sensors. We found that the self\u2010applied electroencephalography and electro\u2010oculography electrodes had acceptable impedance levels but were more prone to losing proper skin\u2013electrode contact than the conventional cup electrodes. Moreover, the forehead electroencephalography signals recorded using the self\u2010applied electrodes expressed lower amplitudes (difference 25.3%\u201343.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and less absolute power (at 1\u201340\u2009Hz, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the polysomnography electroencephalography signals in all sleep stages. However, the signals recorded with the self\u2010applied electroencephalography electrodes expressed more relative power (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at very low frequencies (0.3\u20131.0\u2009Hz) in all sleep stages. The electro\u2010oculography signals recorded with the self\u2010applied electrodes expressed comparable characteristics with standard electro\u2010oculography. In conclusion, the results support the technical feasibility of the self\u2010applied electroencephalography and electro\u2010oculography for sleep staging in home sleep recordings, after adjustment for amplitude differences, especially for scoring Stage N3 sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:03:41Z","timestamp":1688432621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Self\u2010applied somnography: technical feasibility of electroencephalography and electro\u2010oculography signal characteristics in sleep staging of suspected sleep\u2010disordered adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9633-6016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias","family":"Rusanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri","family":"Korkalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidur","family":"Gretarsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Landspitali\u2013The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Siilak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Anna","family":"Olafsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"T\u00f6yr\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Science Service Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Myllymaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna Sif","family":"Arnardottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Landspitali\u2013The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samu","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 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