{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:34:43Z","timestamp":1792499683939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY029782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY029782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep irregularity and variability have been shown to be detrimental to cardiometabolic health. The present pilot study explored if higher day\u2010to\u2010day sleep irregularity and variability were associated with systemic inflammation, as assessed by high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein, in type 2 diabetes. Thirty\u2010five patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 54.3\u2009years, 54.3% female) who were not shift\u2010workers participated. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was determined. The standard deviation of sleep duration and sleep midpoint across all recorded nights were used to quantify sleep variability and regularity, respectively, assessed by 14\u2010day actigraphy. The presence and severity of sleep apnea were assessed using an overnight home monitor. Low\u2010density lipoprotein, haemoglobin A1C and high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein were collected. Multiple regression analysis using natural\u2010log\u2010transformed values was performed to establish an independent association between sleep variability and high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein. Twenty\u2010two (62.9%) patients had diabetic retinopathy. The median (interquartile range) of high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein was 2.4 (1.4, 4.6) mg\u2005L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Higher sleep variability was significantly associated with higher high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.342, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044), as was haemoglobin A1C (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.431, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010) and low\u2010density lipoprotein (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.379, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025), but not sleep regularity, sleep apnea severity or diabetic retinopathy. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher sleep variability (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.907, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038) and higher HbA1c (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.519, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035), but not low\u2010density lipoprotein, contributed to higher high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein. In conclusion, higher sleep variability in patients with type 2 diabetes who were not shift\u2010workers was independently associated with higher systemic inflammation, conferring increased cardiovascular risk. Whether sleep interventions to reduce sleep variability can reduce systemic inflammation and improve cardiometabolic health should be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T01:59:48Z","timestamp":1688695188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Greater sleep variability is associated with higher systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirimon","family":"Reutrakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Jason","family":"McAnany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix Y.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstie K.","family":"Danielson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharati","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Jesse Brown Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Pannain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin C.","family":"Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism, Department of Medicine University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 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