{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1792906136291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":271,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures where indicated) (A). Actigraphy is not recommended for the routine evaluation of insomnia (C), but may be useful for differential\u2010diagnostic purposes (A). Polysomnography should be used to evaluate other sleep disorders if suspected (i.e. periodic limb movement disorder, sleep\u2010related breathing disorders, etc.), treatment\u2010resistant insomnia (A) and for other indications (B). Cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first\u2010line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults of any age (including patients with comorbidities), either applied in\u2010person or digitally (A). When cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia is not sufficiently effective, a pharmacological intervention can be offered (A). Benzodiazepines (A), benzodiazepine receptor agonists (A), daridorexant (A) and low\u2010dose sedating antidepressants (B) can be used for the short\u2010term treatment of insomnia (\u2264\u20094\u2009weeks). Longer\u2010term treatment with these substances may be initiated in some cases, considering advantages and disadvantages (B). Orexin receptor antagonists can be used for periods of up to 3\u2009months or longer in some cases (A). Prolonged\u2010release melatonin can be used for up to 3\u2009months in patients \u2265\u200955\u2009years (B). Antihistaminergic drugs, antipsychotics, fast\u2010release melatonin, ramelteon and phytotherapeutics are not recommended for insomnia treatment (A). Light therapy and exercise interventions may be useful as adjunct therapies to cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy for insomnia (B).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T18:51:05Z","timestamp":1701197465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":828,"title":["The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Riemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Centre for Mental Health (Department), Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin A.","family":"Espie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience at the University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellemarije","family":"Altena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna Sif","family":"Arnardottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3150-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Baglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Department University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio L. 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