{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:51:08Z","timestamp":1790603468755,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008574","name":"Association France Ekbom","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008574","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe pharmacoresistant restless legs syndrome (RLS) is difficult to manage and a source of suffering to patients. We studied the effectiveness at 6\u2009months of an innovative treatment: transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in the left cymba concha in a case series of 15 patients, 53% male, mean (SD) age 62.7\u2009(12.3)\u2009years with severe pharmacoresistant RLS (mean [SD] International Restless Legs Rating Scale [IRLS] score of 31.9\u2009[2.9]) at baseline. Following an 8\u2010week non\u2010randomised hospital\u2010based study with eight 1\u2010h sessions of taVNS, patients were trained to administer taVNS at home and were followed up for 6\u2009months. The primary outcome measure was the IRLS score, secondary outcome measures were quality of life, mood disorders using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) subscales for depression (HADD) and anxiety (HADA). At the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up 13\/15 patients continued to use weekly taVNS. Symptom severity decreased (mean [SD] IRLS score 22.2\u2009[9.32] at 6\u2009months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005). Four of the 15 patients had an IRLS score of &lt;20 at 6\u2009months and two an IRLS score of 5. Quality of life significantly improved compared to baseline (mean [SD] score at baseline 49.3\u2009[18.1] versus 65.66\u2009[22.58] at 6\u2009months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005) as did anxiety and depression symptoms (mean [SD] HADA score at baseline 8.9\u2009[5.4] versus 7.53\u2009[4.42] at 6\u2009months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029; and HADD score at baseline 5.2\u2009[4.5] versus 4.73\u2009[4.44] at 6\u2009months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Our case series shows a potential role for self\u2010administered taVNS in patients with severe pharmacoresistant RLS. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the utility of taVNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T09:50:28Z","timestamp":1697536228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Self\u2010administered non\u2010invasive vagus nerve stimulation therapy for severe pharmacoresistant restless legs syndrome: outcomes at 6\u2009months"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Hartley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Unit, Department of Physiology Raymond Poincar\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP)  Paris 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Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (UVSQ), Paris\u2010Saclay University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Zagdoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Unit, SMART_VNS Platform, Department of Physiology Raymond Poincar\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP)  Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation (2I) INSERM UMR 1173 University of Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (UVSQ), Paris\u2010Saclay University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Chevallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versailles Engineering Systems Laboratory (LISV) University of Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (UVSQ)  V\u00e9lizy 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