{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:35:31Z","timestamp":1784288131781,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article reviews the history of insomnia pharmacotherapy, documenting the evolution that has occurred over time in the increasing availability of medications with novel mechanisms of action that more specifically target the neural systems that modulate sleep\/wake function. This evolution provides an increasing capacity to improve the effectiveness of insomnia pharmacotherapy by allowing the selection of medications that specifically target the particular type of sleep difficulty present in each patient. As a result, they can achieve a therapeutic effect with fewer effects on aspects of brain function other than those needed to achieve benefit, thereby minimising adverse effects. The accumulated evidence\u2010base is such that it can serve as the basis for a personalised insomnia pharmacotherapy paradigm. Here we outline a set of best\u2010practice recommendations for how to carry out optimised personalised insomnia pharmacotherapy based on that evidence base in the hope that it will improve the treatment delivered to the many individuals suffering from insomnia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T01:58:35Z","timestamp":1699495115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Insomnia medications: History, characteristics, and guidelines for optimal use in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California San Francisco  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/S0213-61632010000100003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.12.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v10.i3.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181a390ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05571gry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0192-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4110"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"L'hydrate de chloral, un hypnotique \u00e0 oublier? [Chloral hydrate: a hypnotic best forgotten?]","volume":"28","author":"Gauillard J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31816a9e4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712000922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116681399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Evaluation of eszopiclone discontinuation after cotherapy with fluoxetine for insomnia with coexisting depression","volume":"3","author":"Krystal A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.EI20008BR4C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association publishing textbook of psychopharmacology","author":"Krystal A. D.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of sleep medicine","author":"Krystal A. D.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13011su1c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.11.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of doxepin 3 and 6 mg in a 35\u2010day sleep laboratory trial in adults with chronic primary insomnia","volume":"34","author":"Krystal A. D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","article-title":"Eszopiclone treatment for insomnia: Effect size comparisons in patients with primary insomnia and insomnia with medical and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"14","author":"Krystal A. D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.7.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S89485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep\/32.3.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70053-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00436-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32832dceb9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.1069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.5.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X178874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-3391-6-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026023393507"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Characterizing the effects of quetiapine in military post\u2010traumatic stress disorder","volume":"48","author":"Villarreal G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1077(199804)13:3<191::AID-HUP972>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"CD007938","article-title":"Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"6","author":"Wiffen P. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6614"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.14084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T02:24:33Z","timestamp":1702607073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.14084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.14084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.14084","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14084"}}