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A prospective longitudinal cohort study was undertaken in children with Down syndrome aged 3\u201316\u2009years comparing (1) children referred to a tertiary sleep medicine clinic who received sleep hygiene advice and an additional sleep treatment (DSref_I) with (2) children attending the same clinic who only received sleep hygiene advice (DSref_N) and (3) children recruited from the community who, were not receiving any treatment (DScomm). Data collected included demographic and medical history information, Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire\u2010Abbreviated (CSHQ\u2010A), Life\u2010Habits Questionnaire (Life\u2010H) and Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at baseline and then 6\u2010monthly for a total of 18\u2009months. Any sleep interventions during this time were recorded. A total of 57 children were included (DSref_I, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916; DSref_N, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925; DScomm, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). At recruitment, the median CSHQ\u2010A total score was high (&gt;41) in all three subgroups, but highest in the DSref_I subgroup (median [interquartile range] Dsref_I score 58\u2009[53\u201366] versus DSref_N score 49\u2009[43\u201353], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). Although improved, 80% of participants in the DSref_I subgroup still had a CSHQ\u2010A total score &gt;41 at the last assessment point. The median total Life\u2010H and total CBCL scores were not significantly different between groups at baseline and there was no significant time, group, or interaction effect seen through the study. Over an 18\u2010month period, sleep problems were seen to persist in children with Down syndrome. Treatment resulted in only modest improvements in sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T23:42:47Z","timestamp":1700005367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal change in sleep, functional, and behavioural characteristics in a cohort of children with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasneek K.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QCIF Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Staton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Lung and Sleep Specialists  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Heussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child Development Department Queensland Children's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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