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The study aimed to explore the diurnal variation of cerebral blood flow in healthy humans and its possible mechanisms. Arterial spin labelling images were collected at six time\u2010points (09:00\u2005hours, 13:00\u2005hours, 17:00\u2005hours, 21:00\u2005hours, 01:00\u2005hours, 05:00\u2005hours) from 18 healthy participants (22\u201339\u2009years old; eight females) to analyse diurnal variations in cerebral blood flow. Resting heart rate and blood pressure at six time\u2010points and blood indicators (20\u2010hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, prostaglandin E2, noradrenaline and nitric oxide) related to cerebral vascular tone at two time\u2010points (09:00\u2009hours and 21:00\u2009hours) were collected to analyse possible influences on diurnal variations in cerebral blood flow. From 21:00\u2005hours to 05:00\u2005hours, parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow tended to increase, while frontal cortical and cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow tended to decrease. There was a time\u2010dependent negative correlation between parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow and resting heart rate, whereas there was a time\u2010dependent positive correlation between cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow and resting heart rate. The change of parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow was positively correlated with the change of nitric oxide. There was also a time\u2010dependent positive correlation between mean arterial pressure and mean whole\u2010brain cerebral blood flow. The findings indicated that parietal cortical relative cerebral blood flow and frontal cortical\/cerebellar relative cerebral blood flow showed roughly opposite trends throughout the day. The diurnal variations in relative cerebral blood flow were regional\u2010specific. Diurnal variation of nitric oxide and neurogenic regulation may be potential mechanisms for diurnal variation in regional relative cerebral blood flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:24:16Z","timestamp":1709857456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diurnal variation of cerebral blood flow in healthy humans under normal entrained conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1685-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanqi","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Scientific Marketing Siemens Healthcare  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lefan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Imaging Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.111.261750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90408-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6977.446"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"A two process model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borb\u00e9ly A. 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