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In this review, we provide up to date knowledge on the neuronal network controlling its onset and maintenance. It is now accepted that muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. These neurons directly project and excite glycinergic\/\u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid\u2010ergic pre\u2010motoneurons localized in the ventromedial medulla. The sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus rapid eye movement\u2010on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and non\u2010rapid eye movement by rapid eye movement\u2010off \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid\u2010ergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey and the adjacent dorsal deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin\u2010concentrating hormone and \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid\u2010ergic rapid eye movement sleep\u2010on neurons localized in the lateral hypothalamus would inhibit these rapid eye movement sleep\u2010off neurons initiating the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during rapid eye movement sleep by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would be involved in the function(s) of rapid eye movement sleep. In summary, rapid eye movement sleep is generated by a brainstem generator controlled by forebrain structures involved in autonomic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T20:19:46Z","timestamp":1720383586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Neuronal network controlling\n                    <scp>REM<\/scp>\n                    sleep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0503-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre\u2010Herv\u00e9","family":"Luppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"},{"name":"University Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Malcey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"},{"name":"University Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarine","family":"Chancel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"},{"name":"University Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"},{"name":"University Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Fort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team \u201cPhysiopathologie des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille\u2010sommeil\u201d  Lyon France"},{"name":"University Lyon 1  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abk2734"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90369-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24110"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(00)02761-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02146-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1289-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903190204"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0305-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02861.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2617-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5252"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0482-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5632-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4187-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.4.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1885-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301251"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming","volume":"53","author":"Dement W.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. 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