{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:16:15Z","timestamp":1787015775928,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hypersomnia spectrum disorders are underdiagnosed and poorly treated due to their heterogeneity and absence of biomarkers. The electroretinography has been proposed as a proxy of central dysfunction and has proved to be valuable to differentiate certain psychiatric disorders. Hypersomnolence is a shared core feature in central hypersomnia and psychiatric disorders. We therefore aimed to identify biomarkers by studying the electroretinography profile in patients with narcolepsy type 1, idiopathic hypersomnia and in controls. Cone, rod and retinal ganglion cells electrical activity were recorded with flash\u2010electroretinography in non\u2010dilated eye of 31 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (women 84%, 26.6 \u00b1\u20095.9\u2009years), 19 patients with narcolepsy type 1 (women 63%, 36.6 \u00b1\u200912.7\u2009years) and 43 controls (women 58%, 30.6\u2005\u00b1\u20099.3\u2009years). Reduced cone a\u2010wave amplitude (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039) and prolonged cone (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.022) and rod b\u2010wave (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009) latencies were observed in patients with narcolepsy type 1 as compared with controls, while prolonged photopic negative response\u2010wave latency (retinal ganglion cells activity) was observed in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia as compared with controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033). The rod and cone b\u2010wave latency clearly distinguished narcolepsy type 1 from idiopathic hypersomnia and controls (area under the curve\u2009&gt;\u20090.70), and the photopic negative response\u2010wave latency distinguished idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1 from controls with an area under the curve\u2009&gt;\u20090.68. This first original study shows electroretinography anomalies observed in patients with hypersomnia. Narcolepsy type 1 is associated with impaired cone and rod responses, whereas idiopathic hypersomnia is associated with impaired retinal ganglion cells response, suggesting different phototransduction alterations in both hypersomnias. Although these results need to be confirmed with a larger sample size, the electroretinography may be a promising tool for clinicians to differentiate hypersomnia subtypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T03:14:37Z","timestamp":1720754077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The electroretinography to identify biomarkers of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9lo\u00efse","family":"Rach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulker","family":"Kilic\u2010Huck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9121-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre A.","family":"Geoffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP\u2010HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences Hopital Bichat\u2010Claude Bernard  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2\u2010D2  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Bourcier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Gepromed, Education Department Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5012-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Comtet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ruppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Hugueny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche CERVO Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'Ophtalmologie et d'Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngologie\u2010Chirurgie Cervico\u2010Faciale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Bourgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212 &amp; Strasbourg University  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology) &amp; Sleep Disorders Center Strasbourg University Hospital  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808312105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders, third edition (ICSD\u20103)","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.). (DSM\u20105). American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026244901657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.4.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1903808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9572-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.013"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Electroretinography (ERG) as a tool of investigation in human psychopharmacology. Electroretinographic changes induced by a combination of carbi\u2010dopa and levo\u2010dopa","volume":"2","author":"Fornaro P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neurol (Napoli)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-4-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-010-9242-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Echelles et Outils d'\u00e9valuation en m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale","author":"Gardenas J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5557.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01224623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(77)90001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/438676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713688209011628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90141-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-022-09440-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/397178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DOOP.0000036844.67273.1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-008-9155-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9473-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S104721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00142587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(84)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13041-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4132-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74704-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.856498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","volume-title":"Inventaire d'anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e9tat\u2010trait: forme Y (STAI\u2010Y). Ed","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","volume-title":"Manual for the state\u2010trait anxiety inventory (STAI)","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730403259849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199544288.003.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.07.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","first-page":"1124","article-title":"The photopic negative response of the macaque electroretinogram: Reduction by experimental glaucoma","volume":"40","author":"Viswanathan S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Viswanathan S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.20.6.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.19.10.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25378-w"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.14278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T02:42:20Z","timestamp":1737340940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.14278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.14278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.14278","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14278"}}