{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:09:29Z","timestamp":1772323769037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT23469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT23469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Burgeoning interest in marathons necessitates an understanding of performance determinants. Research has highlighted the importance of diet, training and sleep, yet relations of circadian preference and sleep inertia with marathon performance remain largely unexplored. Because marathons generally start early\u2010to\u2010mid morning, these characteristics may have relevant impact. This study investigates relationships of circadian preference, sleep inertia and their interaction with marathon completion time. Consenting participants in a 2016 large mass\u2010participation city marathon completed self\u2010report questionnaires capturing circadian preference and sleep inertia, along with demographics and other characteristics. Circadian preference and sleep inertia were described across subgroups. Analyses examined the associations and interactions of circadian preference and sleep inertia with marathon completion times, with adjusted analyses accounting for age, sex and sleep health. Participants were marathon finishers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009936; 64.5% male; 66.3% young\u2010adults), with a majority reporting morningness tendencies (60.8%). Results supported a linear association between increasing eveningness preference with slower marathon times (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.002), while some support was provided for a linear relationship between greater sleep inertia and slower marathon times (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.07). A significant interaction was observed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.01), with the directionality suggesting that the circadian preference relationship weakened when sleep inertia severity increased, and vice\u2010versa. Our results suggest deleterious associations of increasing eveningness preference and greater sleep inertia with marathon completion time. These features may aid identifying marathoners who could be at a disadvantage, while also serving as modifiable targets for personalized training regimens preceding competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T11:03:31Z","timestamp":1729335811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of circadian preference, sleep inertia and their interaction on marathon completion time: A retrospective, cross\u2010sectional investigation of a large mass\u2010participation city marathon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Matthew K. P.","family":"Gratton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Charest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval, \u00c9cole de Psychologie  Qu\u00e9bec City Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Idorsia Pharmaceuticals  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"William S. Middleton M\u00e9morial Veterans Hospital  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Absolute Rest  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Werthner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Pedlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science St Mary's University  London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Kipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Human Performance  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Human Performance  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1933003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-018-0140-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01651-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2019-0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00438-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2015-0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S188911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpac043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9686-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2155583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep3020019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Marsden R.(2016).London Marathon 2016: route course map times road closures and event details. 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