{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:35:13Z","timestamp":1789079713893,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u2018first night effect\u2019 (FNE) is a well\u2010known phenomenon in polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies, resulting in significant variations in the macrostructure of wakefulness and sleep states, particularly between the initial and subsequent sleep recording sessions. The FNE phenomenon during sleep has been studied in various species, revealing complex variations between several sessions of sleep recording. The present study used a non\u2010invasive PSG method to examine differences between various vigilance states in four adult female dromedary camels during 4 consecutive nights and days of sleep recording. The results indicate the presence of a FNE in the architecture of the dromedary camel's vigilance states. On the first night, the proportions of wakefulness and light non\u2010rapid eye movment (NREM) sleep (drowsiness) were higher, at a mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) of 40.92%\u2009(0.88%) and 14.93%\u2009(0.37%), respectively; while the proportion of rumination (mean [SEM] 29.55%\u2009[0.92%]) was lower compared to consecutive nights. No FNE was found on deep NREM sleep, while night\u2010time REM sleep had a shorter proportion during the first night compared to subsequent consecutive nights. A significantly lower REM\/total sleep time (TST) ratio was observed on the first night. Daytime comparisons did not show any significant differences for the different vigilance states. The increase in wakefulness and light NREM sleep and the reduction in REM sleep and REM\/TST sleep on the first night indicate a decline in sleep quality in the dromedary camel due to the FNE. Thus, we recommend excluding from a PSG sleep study at least the first session\/night of the recordings to ensure accurate results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T05:50:41Z","timestamp":1729576241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sleep in the dromedary camel: features of the \u2018first night effect\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Younes","family":"Beniaich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hicham","family":"Farsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed El Mehdi","family":"M'hani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4669-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Surgical Unit of Domestic Animals, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1291-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Rachid","family":"Acha\u00e2ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Challet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS and University of Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"P\u00e9vet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS and University of Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Satt\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Military Hospital Mohammed V  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"El Allali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(60)90007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(96)00521-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/4.3.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76535-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1984936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Mountain sheep. 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