{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:25:59Z","timestamp":1791930359455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Restless legs syndrome is usually associated with periodic limb movements during sleep, which are defined as repetitive, stereotyped movements in sleep. Changes in spectral analysis of electroencephalography and heart rate were shown to be associated with periodic limb movements during sleep and non\u2010periodic leg movements in sleep. Considering the circadian distribution of symptoms of restless legs syndrome, we investigated spectral electroencephalography and heart rate accompanying periodic limb movements, isolated leg movements and short\u2010interval leg movements during suggested immobilization test. The mean age of 53 patients was 51.9\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years, 54.7% were females. Prominent increases in electroencephalography activation were associated with periodic limb movements, isolated leg movements and short\u2010interval leg movements during the suggested immobilization test, which were significant in all spectral bands (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). An increase in all electroencephalography bands started ~10\u2009s before periodic limb movements, isolated leg movements and short\u2010interval leg movements; increases in delta and theta band activities ended ~10\u2009s after the movements, while increases in alpha and beta band activities lasted for about ~20\u2009s. Maximum increases in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands were all observed after periodic limb movements and short\u2010interval leg movements, but before isolated leg movements in theta and alpha bands, and after isolated leg movements in delta and beta bands. A notably longer increase in alpha and beta bands was evident for periodic limb movements and short\u2010interval leg movements. An increase in heart rate was prominent at 4\u201312\u2009s after movement onset in short\u2010interval leg movements, being significantly higher than those associated with periodic limb movements and isolated leg movements. Our study shows that, in patients with restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements, isolated leg movements and short\u2010interval leg movements during suggested immobilization test are associated with prominent cortical and cardiac activation, which warrants confirmation in larger restless legs syndrome cohorts and requires long\u2010term follow\u2010up studies to delineate its possible clinical consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T01:24:02Z","timestamp":1730769842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spectral <scp>EEG<\/scp> and heart rate changes associated with leg movements during the suggested immobilization test in patients with restless legs syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulcin","family":"Benbir Senel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Disorders Unit, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysun","family":"Tunali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Disorders Unit, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Disorders Unit, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  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