{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:40:20Z","timestamp":1789681220565,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder involves chronic difficulty going to bed and waking up at conventional times and often co\u2010occurs with depression. This study compared sleep and circadian rhythms between patients with delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder with depression\u00a0(DSWPD\u2010D) and without (DSWPD\u2010ND) comorbid depression. Clinical records of 162 patients with delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder (70 DSWPD\u2010D, 92 DSWPD\u2010ND) were analysed, including a subset of 76 patients with circadian phase determined by the dim light melatonin onset. Variables assessed included sleep behaviour on work and free days, weekly sleep duration, social jet lag, chronotype, and phase relationships between dim light melatonin onset and sleep\/wake times. Mean (SD) or median [Q1\u2013Q3] values were compared using\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests or Mann\u2013Whitney. Patients with DSWPD\u2010D showed longer sleep on workdays (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u20097.63\u2009hr [1.70] versus DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u20096.20\u2009hr [1.59];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not on free days. DSWPD\u2010D also showed later sleep onset (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u200903:30 14;hours [02:49\u2005hours\u201304:23\u2005hours], DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u200902:53\u2005hours [02:00\u2005hours\u201303:41\u2005hours];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02) and wake times (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u200911:30\u2005hours [09:30\u2005hours\u201313:00\u2005hours], DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u200908:45\u2005hours [07:20\u2005hours\u201311:00\u2005hours];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) on workdays. Furthermore, DSWPD\u2010D showed less social jet lag (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u20090.38 [0.00\u20131.75] versus DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u20092.17 [1.25\u20133.03];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and reported higher anxiety symptoms (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u200971.4% versus DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u200945.8%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03) and medication use (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u200975.0% versus DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u200943.8%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). DSWPD\u2010D also showed wider dim light melatonin onset phase relationships with dim light melatonin onset\u2010mid\u2010sleep (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u2009\u22125.77 [1.32] versus DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u2009\u22124.86 [1.53];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01) and dim light melatonin onset\u2010waketime (DSWPD\u2010D\u2009=\u2009\u22129.46 [1.82]; DSWPD\u2010ND\u2009=\u2009\u22128.13 [2.08];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). Multivariable Poisson regression, adjusted for age and sex, showed more medication use, less social jet lag, and longer weekly sleep duration as significantly associated with DSWPD\u2010D. These findings suggest potential biopsychosocial protective factors linked to depression in delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder. Further research is required to confirm these phenotypic differences and their relevance to delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder aetiology and treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T23:25:03Z","timestamp":1736983503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sleep and circadian rhythms in delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder: Phenotypic differences between patients with and without comorbid depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GIMM \u2013 Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CRC\u2010W \u2010 Cat\u00f3lica Research Center for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Humanas Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"ISAMB \u2013 Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa K.","family":"Pilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM \/ CVK Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAMB \u2013 Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CENC \u2013 Sleep Medicine Center  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC \u2013 Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paz","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Psychiatry and BehavioralSciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cronobiologia e Sono \u2013 Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Kenneth P.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00440545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000127692.23278.a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"889","article-title":"Home circadian phase assessments with measures of compliance yield accurate dim light melatonin onsets","volume":"38","author":"Burgess H. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Bright light therapy: Seasonal affective disorder and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Campbell P. D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Evening use of light\u2010emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next\u2010morning alertness","volume":"112","author":"Chang A.\u2010M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730409339611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.838575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730405277983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1636813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01965.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02606-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) should be measured before treatment of patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders","volume":"18","author":"Keijzer H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2011.602445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1178-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41606-019-0039-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730415591753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of circadian misalignment and its association with depressive symptoms in delayed sleep phase disorder","volume":"114","author":"Murray J. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Circadian rhythm sleep disorders 2.2. Delayed sleep\u2010wake phase disorder","author":"Reis C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Textbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20190086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Sleep, insomnia, and depression","volume":"45","author":"Riemann D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873099129000371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2010.00137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1022144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730418757007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/IJDHD.2009.8.3.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health","volume":"10","author":"Walker W. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Mental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730404274265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.06.039"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.14437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1764903137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.14437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.14437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.14437","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14437"}}