{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:20:44Z","timestamp":1789158044394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["360119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep stages exhibit differing patterns of cardiac, respiratory and nervous system activation. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with deeper oxygen desaturation events in obstructive sleep apnea. However, no studies have looked to the effect of sleep staging on re\u2010saturation characteristics. Polysomnographic data from the Sleep Heart Health Study were utilised to derive oxygen saturation parameters from events having both desaturation and re\u2010saturation parts. Sleep stages were described as non\u2010REM (NREM) 1 or 2 (combined), 3 and REM. Sleep stage effects on desaturation and re\u2010saturation characteristics were investigated in a healthy subgroup (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009759) and participants with hypertension (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092534), lung disease (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009715), heart failure (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009199) and myocardial infarction (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009713). A total of 3793 participants (48.3% female) were included for analysis (171,976 saturation events; median 20 per participant). Events during REM had the longest duration, deepest nadirs and greatest area for desaturations and re\u2010saturations. Sleep stage effected re\u2010saturation parameters more than desaturation parameters, with a relative difference from NREM 1\/2 to REM in duration of 16.7% and 29.8%, in rate of 0.2% and 4.5% and in area of 36.1% and 48.0% for desaturation and re\u2010saturation, respectively, among healthy participants. Similarly, the effect of comorbidities was greater upon re\u2010saturations than desaturations, as participants with heart failure recorded a relative difference to healthy participants of 10.3% and 24.4% for desaturation and re\u2010saturation duration, respectively, 12.8% and 15.0% for rate and 6.4% and 16.4% for area. Sleep stages and comorbidities have significant effects upon nocturnal oxygen re\u2010saturation parameters. Cardiorespiratory comorbidities elicit greater degradations in oxygen re\u2010saturations than they do desaturations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T01:10:02Z","timestamp":1738717802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The interaction between comorbidities and sleep stages influences oxygen re\u2010saturation characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health Darwin Private Hospital  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla","family":"Hietakoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serajeddin","family":"Ebrahimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio 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