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This study aimed to validate the manual scoring of frontal self\u2010applicable electroencephalography against polysomnography in a paediatric cohort. The polysomnography and the frontal electroencephalography were simultaneously recorded for 1\u2005night (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009102) in 10\u201313\u2010year\u2010old children. Scoring was performed according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules, with minor adjustments to the frontal electroencephalography. Manual scorings of sleep stages were compared in an epoch\u2010by\u2010epoch manner using Cohen's kappa (\u03ba) and confusion matrices using three different models: the three\u2010stage (wake\/non\u2010rapid eye movement\/rapid eye movement), the four\u2010stage (wake\/sleep stage 1\u2005+\u2005sleep stage 2\/deep sleep Stage 3\/rapid eye movement) and the five\u2010stage model (wake\/sleep stage 1\/sleep stage 2\/deep sleep Stage 3\/rapid eye movement). The inter\u2010scorer agreements were assessed, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used for common sleep variables: total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep\u2010onset latency and arousal index. Cohen's \u03ba values for the three\u2010stage, four\u2010stage and five\u2010stage models were 0.85, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. The agreement for the sleep variables studied ranged from 0.87 to 0.99. The inter\u2010rater agreement (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) was \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.78 for the polysomnography and \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.70 for the frontal electroencephalography. Sleep staging from the frontal electroencephalography was comparable to that of a standard polysomnography in a paediatric cohort, and showed promising results in estimating sleep time and sleep architecture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T01:13:51Z","timestamp":1739495631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of manually scored multichannel frontal electroencephalography against polysomnography in a paediatric cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigridur","family":"Sigurdardottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik 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Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samu","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Serwatko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin A.","family":"Olafsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurveig \u00de.","family":"Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Landspitali University Hospital  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"University of Iceland Faculty of Medicine  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Reykjavik  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Allergy Landspitali University Hospital  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranavan","family":"Somaskandhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"Stra\u017ei\u0161ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, Centre for Paediatric Sleep Disorders General 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