{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:21:41Z","timestamp":1781500901908,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate the effective connectivity between the bilateral insulae and other regions of the whole brain in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to reveal the relationships between these abnormal connections and cognitive dysfunction in this condition. Resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI) data and clinical variables were collected from 55 children with OSA [5.0 (5.0, 8.0) years, 32 males, 28 pre\u2010school children] and 25 healthy controls [6.0 (5.0, 9.0) years, 11 males, 9 pre\u2010school children], matched for age, gender, and education. Rs\u2010fMRI data were analysed to investigative group\u2010difference in the effective connectivity between the bilateral insulae and other regions of the brain of children with OSA with those of controls. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted between these abnormal connections and clinical variables among children with OSA. Compared with controls, children with OSA showed abnormal clinical variables (i.e., increased OAHI, AHI, OAI, HI, ODI, time of SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u200990%, total AI, and respiratory\u2010related AI, while decreased minimal SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , FIQ, VIQ, and PIQ). Additionally, significant alterations were observed in the effective connectivity between the bilateral insulae and other regions of brain, such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellum and so forth. Furthermore, the mean values of the effective connectivity in children with OSA were significantly correlated with several sleep\u2010related and neurocognitive parameters. There exist abnormal causal interactions between the bilateral insulae and other regions throughout the brain in OSA children, accompanied by impaired cognitive function, suggesting that the former may be a potential neural mechanism underlying the latter.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:25:31Z","timestamp":1739762731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aberrant Resting\u2010State Effective Connectivity Between the Insula and Other Regions of the Whole Brain in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital 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